Objective-C 新的很有用的特性(其实是为了swift同步)
Nullability
常规用法
@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) Sark *sark;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly, nullable) NSArray *friends;
+ (nullable NSString *)friendWithName:(nonnull NSString *)name;
修饰变量,前面需要加双下划线,比如 block 内用法:
- (void)startWithCompletionBlock:(nullable void (^)(NSError * __nullable error))block;
setter 用法,参见 UIViewController 中的 view 属性,它可以被设成 nil,但是调用 getter 时会触发 -loadView 从而创建并返回一个非 nil 的 view。
@property (null_resettable, nonatomic, strong) UIView *view;
宏的用法(包在宏里面的对象默认加 nonnull 修饰符,只需要把 nullable 的指出来就行):
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface Sark : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy, nullable) NSString *workingCompany;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *friends;
- (nullable NSString *)gayFriend;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
Nullability 主要作用是在编译器层面提供了空值的类型检查,在类型不符时给出 warning,方便开发者第一时间发现潜在问题。
__kindof
主要作用还是编译器层面的类型检查
//UIView 的写法
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray<__kindof UIView *> *subviews;
// UITableView 的写法
- (nullable __kindof UITableViewCell *)dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier;
参考:
iOS开发~Objective-C新特性
2015 Objective-C 新特性
轻量级的泛型
带泛型的容器
NSArray<NSString *> *strings = @[@"sun", @"yuan"];
NSDictionary<NSString *, NSNumber *> *mapping = @{@"a": @1, @"b": @2};
自定义泛型
@interface Stack<ObjectType> : NSObject
- (void)pushObject:(ObjectType)object;
- (ObjectType)popObject;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray<ObjectType> *allObjects;
@end
还可以增加限制
// 只接受 NSNumber * 的泛型
@interface Stack<ObjectType: NSNumber *> : NSObject
// 只接受满足 NSCopying 协议的泛型
@interface Stack<ObjectType: id<NSCopying>> : NSObject
covariant && contravariant
- __covariant : 子类型可以强转到父类型(里氏替换原则)
- __contravariant : 父类型可以强转到子类型(WTF?)
参考 NSArray 和 NSMutableArray 的定义
// NSArray
@interface NSArray<__covariant ObjectType> : NSObject <NSCopying, NSMutableCopying, NSSecureCoding, NSFastEnumeration>
@property (readonly) NSUInteger count;
- (ObjectType)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType [])objects count:(NSUInteger)cnt NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
@end
// NSMutableArray
@interface NSMutableArray<ObjectType> : NSArray<ObjectType>
- (void)addObject:(ObjectType)anObject;
- (void)insertObject:(ObjectType)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)removeLastObject;
- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(ObjectType)anObject;
- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
@end